There are a number of situations in which people can use copyright material without permission. The provisions in the Copyright Act which cover these situations (referred to as “defences” or “exceptions”) are mostly very specific.

For example, there are provisions that allow reviewers and students to use copyright material without permission provided their use is “fair” (for further information, see our information sheets Research or study and Fair dealing). There are also special provisions for libraries, educational institutions and government bodies. In some cases, certain procedures must be followed, and in some cases fees must be paid (for more information, see our information sheets and practical guides).

There are, however, no provisions in the Act that give non-profit organisations a general exemption from having to comply with copyright obligations merely because they are non-profit. The exceptions allowing certain “personal uses” of copyright material – including taping from TV and individuals copying recordings they own – are very narrow and subject to specific limitations.

More:

• private use and research
• education
• libraries & other collecting institutions

More on introduction to copyright